closed shop in the Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary

Translations for closed shop in the English»French Dictionary

closed shop [Brit, Am ˈkloʊzd ˈʃɑp] N COMM

closed shop

industrie employant exclusivement les membres des syndicats

Translations for closed shop in the English»French Dictionary

I.close¹ [Brit kləʊs, Am kloʊz] N

1. close (road):

close

passage m

2. close (of cathedral):

close

enceinte f

II.close¹ [Brit kləʊs, Am kloʊz] ADJ

1. close (with close links):

close relative

proche

close resemblance

frappant

to bear a close resemblance to sb/sth

ressembler beaucoup à qn/qc

close links with POL country

liens étroits avec

close links with group, twinned town etc

liens d'amitié avec

to work in close collaboration with sb

collaborer étroitement avec qn

in close contact with government department etc

en contact permanent avec

in close contact with friend etc

en contact avec

in close harmony MUS

dans une tessiture rapprochée

2. close (intimate):

close friend, adviser

proche (to de)

they have a close friendship

ils sont très bons amis

3. close (almost equal):

close contest, finish, result, vote

serré

‘is it the same?’—‘no but it's close’

‘c'est le même?’—‘non mais c'est proche’

a close copy of his signature

une imitation presque parfaite de sa signature

it's a close match (of colour, hairpiece)

c'est presque la même couleur

4. close (careful, rigorous):

close scrutiny, examination, study

minutieux/-ieuse

close supervision

étroit

to pay close attention to sth

faire une attention toute particulière à qc

to keep a close watch or eye on sb/sth

surveiller étroitement qn/qc

5. close (compactly aligned):

close texture, grain

dense

close print, military formation

serré

close handwriting

ramassé

6. close (stuffy):

close weather

lourd

it's close

il fait lourd

7. close (secretive) inf:

she's been very close about it

elle n'a rien voulu dire

III.close¹ [Brit kləʊs, Am kloʊz] ADV

1. close (nearby):

to live/work quite close (by)

habiter/travailler tout près

they look closer than they are

ils semblent plus près qu'ils ne le sont

how close is the town?

est-ce que la ville est loin?

it's close, I can hear it

il ne doit pas être loin, je l'entends

the closer he came

plus il approchait

to bring sth closer

approcher qc

to follow close behind

suivre de près

to hold sb close

serrer qn

close together

serrés les uns contre les autres

to come closer together

se rapprocher

2. close (close temporally):

the time is close when

dans peu de temps

how close are they in age?

combien ont-ils de différence d'âge?

Christmas is close

Noël approche

3. close (almost):

that's closer (to) the truth

ça c'est plus proche de la vérité

‘is the answer three?’—‘close!’

‘est-ce que la réponse est trois?’—‘tu y es presque’

IV.close enough ADV

1. close enough (sufficiently near):

that's close enough (no nearer)

tu es assez près

that's close enough (acceptable as answer)

ça ira

to be/come close enough to do

être assez près/s'approcher suffisamment pour faire

2. close enough (approximately):

there were 20 yachts or close enough

il y avait à peu près 20 yachts

V.close to PREP ADV

1. close to lit place, person, object:

close to

près de

close to where

près de l'endroit où

closer to

plus près de

how close are we to…?

à quelle distance sommes-nous de…?

2. close to (on point of):

close to tears, hysteria, collapse

au bord de

to be close to doing

être sur le point de faire

3. close to (almost at):

closer to 30 than 40

plus proche or plus près de 40 ans que de 30

to come closest to ideal, conception

s'approcher le plus de

to come close to doing

faillir faire

he came close to giving up

il a failli abandonner

how close are you to completing…?

est-ce que vous êtes sur le point de finir…?

close to the time when

à peu près au moment où

it's coming close to the time when we must decide

l'heure de nous décider approche

Phrases:

close to, a. close on (approximately) inf close to or on inf 60 people

près de or presque 60 personnes

close to or on inf a century ago

il y a près d'un siècle

VI.close by PREP ADV

close by wall, bridge:

close by

près de

the ambulance is close by

l'ambulance n'est pas loin

VII.close¹ [Brit kləʊs, Am kloʊz]

(from) close to inf, (from) close up

de près

it was a close call inf or shave inf or thing

je l'ai/tu l'as etc échappé belle

See also draw

I.draw [Brit drɔː, Am drɔ] N

1. draw (raffle):

draw

tirage m (au sort)

to win (sth in) a draw

gagner (qc) dans une loterie

2. draw (tie):

draw (in match)

match m nul

it was a draw (in match)

ils ont fait match nul

it was a draw (in race)

ils sont arrivés ex aequo

3. draw (attraction):

draw (person, film, event, place)

attraction f

Bob Dylan was the big draw

Bob Dylan était la grande attraction

4. draw (on cigarette, pipe):

draw

bouffée f

5. draw Am (hand of cards):

draw

main f

II.draw <pret drew, pp drawn> [Brit drɔː, Am drɔ] VB trans

1. draw (on paper etc):

draw picture, plan, portrait, sketch, cartoon

faire

draw person, face, object, diagram

dessiner

draw line, circle, square

tracer

to draw a picture lit

faire un dessin, dessiner

to draw (a picture of) a boat

dessiner un bateau

to draw a map (giving directions)

faire un plan

to draw a map (in school)

dessiner une carte

to draw sb sth, to draw sth for sb picture, plan, cartoon, sketch

faire qc à qn

to draw sb sth, to draw sth for sb person, face, object, diagram

dessiner qc à qn

2. draw fig:

draw character, picture

dépeindre

draw analogy, comparison, distinction, parallel

faire

3. draw (pull):

draw animal, car, engine: object, cart, rope, plough

tirer

draw machine, suction: liquid, gas

aspirer

to draw a plough along

tirer une charrue

the water is drawn along the pipe

l'eau est aspirée dans le tuyau

I drew the book towards me

j'ai tiré le livre vers moi

he drew the child towards him

il a attiré l'enfant vers lui

to draw a bolt/the curtains

tirer un verrou/les rideaux

I drew the string as tight as I could

j'ai tiré sur la ficelle aussi fort que j'ai pu

she drew a ten pound note from her purse

elle a tiré un billet de dix livres de son porte-monnaie

he drew his finger along the shelf

il a passé un doigt sur l'étagère

to draw a handkerchief across one's forehead/a comb through ones' hair

se passer un mouchoir sur le front/un peigne dans les cheveux

she drew his arm through hers

elle a passé son bras sous le sien

she drew her shawl round her shoulders

elle a resserré son châle autour de ses épaules

to draw water from a well

tirer de l'eau d'un puits

to draw a pint of beer

≈ tirer un demi-litre de bière à la pression

to draw blood lit

provoquer un saignement

to draw a bow

bander un arc

4. draw (derive):

draw conclusion

tirer (from de)

I drew comfort from the fact that/from doing

cela m'a un peu réconforté de savoir que/de faire

to draw a lesson/a moral from sth

tirer une leçon/une morale de qc

to draw inspiration from sth

puiser son inspiration dans qc

he drew hope/encouragement from this

cela lui a donné de l'espoir/du courage

to be drawn from energy, information:

provenir de

his friends/our readers are drawn from all walks of life

ses amis/nos lecteurs viennent de tous les horizons

5. draw (cause to talk):

draw person

faire parler (about, on de)

I'd hoped she'd tell me, but she wouldn't be drawn or she refused to be drawn

j'avais espéré qu'elle me le dirait, mais elle a refusé de parler

to draw sth from or out of sb information

obtenir qc de qn

to draw sth from or out of sb truth

faire dire or arracher qc à qn

she drew tears of laughter from the audience

elle a fait rire son public aux larmes

I managed to draw a smile from him

j'ai réussi à lui arracher un sourire

6. draw (attract) person, event, film:

draw crowd, person

attirer (to vers)

draw reaction, criticism, praise, interest

susciter

the idea drew much criticism from both sides/from the experts

l'idée a suscité de nombreuses critiques des deux côtés/chez les experts

the course draws students from all over the world

le cours attire des étudiants du monde entier

his speech drew great applause

son discours a soulevé des applaudissements

to draw sb's attention to sth

attirer l'attention de qn sur qc

to draw attention to oneself

attirer l'attention sur soi

to feel drawn to sb

se sentir attiré vers qn

to draw sb to person, religion

attirer qn vers

to draw sb to profession

pousser qn vers

the sound of the explosion drew her to the window

le bruit de l'explosion l'a attirée à la fenêtre

to draw sb into conversation

mêler qn à

to draw sb into argument, battle

entraîner qn dans

I'm not going to be drawn into an argument with you

je ne vais pas me laisser entraîner dans une dispute avec toi

they were drawn together by their love of animals

leur amour des animaux les a rapprochés

to draw the enemy fire

offrir un cible au feu ennemi

I'll draw their fire

je ferai diversion

7. draw FIN:

draw (take out) money

retirer (from de)

draw cheque, bill of exchange, promissory note

tirer (on sur)

draw (receive) wages, pension

toucher

8. draw GAMES (choose at random):

draw name, ticket, winner

tirer [qc] au sort

they asked him to draw the winner (out of the hat)

ils lui ont demandé de tirer au sort le gagnant

to draw a winning ticket competitor:

tirer un billet gagnant

Italy has been drawn against Spain or to play Spain

le tirage au sort a désigné l'Italie comme adversaire de l'Espagne

Jones drew Smith in the first round

le tirage au sort a désigné Smith comme adversaire de Jones au premier tour

9. draw SPORTS:

to draw a match

faire match nul

10. draw (remove, pull out):

draw tooth

extraire

draw thorn, splinter, sting

retirer, enlever (from de)

draw cork

retirer (from de)

draw sword, dagger

dégainer, sortir

draw knife, gun

sortir

draw card

tirer

to draw a gun on sb

sortir un pistolet et le braquer sur qn

to draw a knife on sb

sortir un couteau pour en menacer qn

with drawn sword

l'épée dégainée

11. draw (disembowel):

draw chicken, turkey, goose

vider

draw HISTORY prisoner

étriper

12. draw HUNT:

draw animal

suivre la voie de

13. draw GAMES:

to draw trumps

tirer ses atouts

14. draw TECH:

draw wire, metal, glass

étirer

15. draw NAUT:

the ship draws six metres

le navire a un tirant d'eau de six mètres

16. draw (run) dated:

draw bath

faire couler

III.draw <pret drew, pp drawn> [Brit drɔː, Am drɔ] VB intr

1. draw (make picture):

draw

dessiner

he draws very well

il dessine très bien

to draw round or around sth hand, template

dessiner en suivant les contours de

2. draw (move):

to draw ahead (of sth/sb) lit vehicle, person:

gagner du terrain (sur qc/qn)

to draw ahead (of sth/sb) fig person, company:

prendre de l'avance (sur qc/qn)

to draw alongside boat:

accoster

the car drew alongside the lorry

la voiture s'est mise à côté du camion

to draw close or near time, date, ordeal:

approcher

the time/day is drawing close when…

l'heure/le jour approche où…

they drew nearer to listen

ils se sont rapprochés pour écouter

to draw into bus: station

arriver à

the train drew into the station

le train est entré en gare

to draw level

se retrouver au même niveau

to draw level with the other athletes (in score)

se retrouver au même niveau que les autres athlètes

to draw level with the other athletes (in race)

rattraper les autres athlètes

to draw over vehicle (stop)

se ranger

to draw over (still moving)

se rabattre vers le bas-côté

the lorry drew over to the right-hand side of the road

le camion s'est rangé sur la voie de droite

to draw to one side person:

s'écarter

to draw round or around people:

se rassembler

they drew round the teacher

ils se sont rassemblés autour du professeur

to draw to a halt

s'arrêter

to draw to a close or an end day, event, life:

toucher à sa fin

3. draw SPORTS:

draw (gen) (in match) teams:

faire match nul

draw (finish at same time in race) runners, racers:

arriver ex aequo

draw (finish equal, with same points)

se retrouver ex aequo

they drew for second place

ils sont arrivés deuxièmes ex aequo

X drew with Y (in match)

X a fait match nul avec Y

X drew with Y (in race)

X est arrivé ex aequo avec Y

4. draw (choose at random):

to draw for

tirer (au sort)

they drew for partners

ils ont tiré leurs partenaires (au sort)

5. draw:

draw chimney, pipe:

tirer

draw pump, vacuum cleaner:

aspirer

to draw on or at one's pipe/cigarette

tirer sur sa pipe/sa cigarette

6. draw tea:

draw

infuser

IV.draw [Brit drɔː, Am drɔ]

to be quick/slow on the draw inf (in understanding)

avoir l'esprit vif/lent

to be quick/slow on the draw (in replying)

avoir/ne pas avoir la repartie facile

to be quick/slow on the draw cowboy:

dégainer/ne pas dégainer vite

to beat sb to the draw rival, competitor:

devancer qn

to beat sb to the draw cowboy:

dégainer plus vite que qn

to draw the line

fixer des limites

you've got to draw the line somewhere

il faut savoir fixer des limites

to draw the line at doing

se refuser à faire

she drew the line at blackmail

elle se refusait à faire du chantage

I draw the line at violence

je n'irai pas jusqu'à la violence

the union agreed to longer working hours but drew the line at wage cuts

le syndicat a accepté une augmentation des heures de travail mais a refusé une baisse des salaires

I.close² [Brit kləʊz, Am kloʊz] N

1. close (gen) SPORTS:

close

fin f

to bring sth to a close

mettre fin à qc

to draw to a close

tirer à sa fin

to come to a close

se terminer

at the close of day liter

à la tombée du jour liter

2. close FIN:

close (of trading)

clôture f

at the close

à la clôture

II.close² [Brit kləʊz, Am kloʊz] VB trans

1. close (shut):

close container, door, window, eyes, mouth, mind, book, file, museum, office, shop

fermer

2. close (block):

close border, port, airport

fermer

close pipe, opening

boucher

close road

barrer

close area of town

interdire l'accès à

3. close → close down

4. close (bring to an end):

close meeting, discussion, investigation, case

mettre fin à

close account

fermer

to close the meeting, we have

pour clore la réunion nous avons

the subject is now closed

le sujet est clos

‘this correspondence is now closed’

‘cette rubrique est interrompue’

5. close (reduce):

to close the gap fig

réduire l'écart (between entre)

to close the gap on sb/sth lit, fig

rattraper qn/qc

to close the gaps (improve fault)

remédier aux lacunes (in dans)

6. close (agree):

close deal, contract, sale

conclure

7. close ELEC:

close circuit

fermer

III.close² [Brit kləʊz, Am kloʊz] VB intr

1. close (shut):

close airport, factory, office, polls, shop, station:

fermer (for pour)

close door, window, container, lid, eyes, mouth:

se fermer

close hand, arms:

se (re)fermer (around sur)

the museum has closed

le musée est fermé au public

2. close (cease to operate):

close business, factory, mine, institution:

fermer définitivement

3. close (end):

close meeting, enquiry, play, concert, season:

prendre fin

to close with scene, event, song

se terminer par

4. close FIN:

close currency, index, shares, market:

clôturer (at à)

the market closed down/up

le marché a clôturé en baisse/en hausse

the pound closed up against the euro

la livre (sterling) a clôturé en hausse contre l'euro

5. close (get smaller):

close

se réduire

the gap is closing between X and Y fig

l'écart entre X et Y se réduit

the gap is closing between X and Y lit

la distance entre X et Y se réduit

6. close (get closer):

close pursuer, enemy:

se rapprocher (on de)

7. close (heal):

close wound:

se refermer

IV.closed ADJ

1. closed (shut):

closed door, window, container, business, public building, shop

fermé

closed fist, mouth, eyes

fermé

‘closed’ (sign in shop)

‘fermé’

‘closed’ (in theatre)

‘relâche’

‘closed for lunch/for repairs’

‘fermé pour le déjeuner/pour cause de réparations’

‘road closed’

‘route barrée’

‘closed to the public’

‘interdit au public’

‘closed to traffic’

‘circulation interdite’

behind closed doors fig

à huis clos

2. closed (restricted):

closed community, circle, meeting, organization, economy

fermé

to have a closed mind

avoir l'esprit fermé

3. closed MATH:

closed set

fermé

4. closed LING:

closed syllable

fermé

See also close down

I.close down VB [Brit kləʊz -, Am kloʊz -] (close down)

close down

fermer définitivement

TV we are now closing down

nos émissions sont terminées pour ce soir

II.close down VB [Brit kləʊz -, Am kloʊz -] (close down [sth], close [sth] down)

close down business, factory:

close down

fermer [qc] définitivement

I.shop [Brit ʃɒp, Am ʃɑp] N

1. shop:

shop (where goods are sold)

magasin m

shop (small, fashionable)

boutique f

to work in/open a shop

travailler dans/ouvrir un magasin

to go to the shops

aller faire les courses

he's out at the shops

il est sorti faire les courses

to set up shop lit, fig

s'installer

he set up shop as a photographer fig

il s'est installé comme photographe

to shut up shop inf lit, fig

fermer boutique

2. shop Am (in department store):

shop

rayon m

gourmet/beauty shop

rayon gastronomique/de beauté

3. shop (workshop):

shop

atelier m

repair/print shop

atelier de réparation/d'imprimerie

4. shop Am SCHOOL:

shop

atelier m

5. shop Brit (shopping) inf:

to do the weekly shop

faire les courses pour la semaine

to do a big shop

faire le plein inf

II.shop <pres part etc shopping, shopped> [Brit ʃɒp, Am ʃɑp] VB trans Brit (inform on)

shop inf

donner inf

shop inf

vendre

III.shop <pres part shopping; pret, pp shopped> [Brit ʃɒp, Am ʃɑp] VB intr

shop

faire ses courses

to be shopping for sth

vouloir acheter qc

to go shopping (gen)

aller faire des courses

to go shopping (as browser)

aller faire les magasins

to go shopping for sth

aller acheter qc

IV.shop [Brit ʃɒp, Am ʃɑp]

all over the shop inf Brit fig

partout

to talk shop

parler boutique

you've come to the wrong shop Brit

vous vous trompez d'adresse

closed shop in the PONS Dictionary

Translations for closed shop in the English»French Dictionary

closed ADJ

closed

fermé(e)

Phrases:

behind closed doors

à l'abri des regards indiscrets

a closed book

ne rien comprendre

I.close¹ [kləʊs, Am kloʊs] ADJ

1. close (near):

close

proche

at close quarters

de très près

at close range

à bout portant

close combat

corps m à corps

2. close (intimate):

close

proche

to be close to sb

être proche de qn

to be close to sb ties

étroit(e)

3. close (similar):

close resemblance

fort(e)

to be close in sth

se ressembler dans qc

4. close (careful):

close

minutieux(-euse)

close attention

soutenu(e)

after close consideration

après mûre réflexion

5. close (airless):

close

étouffant(e)

close weather

lourd(e)

6. close (almost equal):

close contest

serré(e)

7. close (dense):

close

serré(e)

Phrases:

to keep a close eye on sb/sth

surveiller qn/qc de très près

II.close¹ [kləʊs, Am kloʊs] ADV

1. close (near in location):

close

près

2. close (near in time):

close

proche

to get close

(s')approcher

3. close fig:

close

proche

Phrases:

to sail close to the wind

jouer un jeu dangereux

III.close¹ [kləʊs, Am kloʊs] N

close

impasse f

close of cathedral

enceinte f

I.close² [kləʊz, Am kloʊz] N no pl

close

fin f

to bring sth to a close

conclure qc

to come to a close

prendre fin

II.close² [kləʊz, Am kloʊz] VB trans

1. close (shut):

close

fermer

2. close (end):

close

mettre fin à

close bank account

fermer

close deal

conclure

Phrases:

to close the stable door after the horse has bolted

prendre des précautions après coup

to close one's eyes to sth

fermer les yeux sur qc

III.close² [kləʊz, Am kloʊz] VB intr

1. close (shut):

close

fermer

close eyes, door

se fermer

2. close (end):

close

prendre fin

I.shop [ʃɒp, Am ʃɑ:p] N

1. shop (boutique, emporium):

shop

magasin m

record shop

magasin de disques

to go to the shops

aller faire les courses

to set up shop

ouvrir un magasin

to set up shop as a baker

ouvrir une boulangerie

to set up shop on one's own

se mettre à son compte

2. shop Brit, Aus (process of buying goods):

shop

courses fpl

to do the weekly shop

faire les courses de la semaine

3. shop (manufacturing area):

shop

atelier m

repair/assembly shop

atelier de réparation/de montage

Phrases:

all over the shop inf (everywhere)

partout

all over the shop (in confusion)

en pagaille

II.shop <-pp-> [ʃɒp, Am ʃɑ:p] VB intr

shop

faire ses courses

to shop for sth

aller acheter qc

to shop at the market/at Marks and Spencer

faire ses courses au marché/chez Marks and Spencer

Monolingual examples (not verified by PONS Editors)

English

Employers were also pushing hard for an end to the closed shop, which threatened unions' membership gains.

en.wikipedia.org

Grocers and other businesses used the house until the last private owner, renting to a variety store, closed shop in 1983.

en.wikipedia.org

Closed shop agreements covered the majority of workers employed in textile finishing.

en.wikipedia.org

Extensively enlarged the amount of money that can be awarded in compensation to those who are unlawfully fired for not belonging to a trade union in a closed shop.

en.wikipedia.org

The closed shop of the artisan which had initially provided workers was no longer the educational program of choice.

en.wikipedia.org

The proprietors of the shipyards resolved to act in unison against the strikers, and did so by introducing strikebreakers and declaring an end to the closed shop system.

en.wikipedia.org

About 90% of workplaces that were represented by unions were closed shops.

en.wikipedia.org

These funds are almost all public-offer funds, although most had their genesis as closed shop funds only open to members employed in their particular industry.

en.wikipedia.org

In 1809 the firm at which he worked entered into a closed shop agreement with the union.

en.wikipedia.org

It demanded neither a closed shop nor an exclusive employment contract.

en.wikipedia.org