SCRAPE BY - Translation from English into Italian

scrape by VB [skreɪp -]

scrape by

sbarcare il lunario, tirare avanti

he manages to scrape by on £80 a week

riesce a tirare avanti con 80 sterline alla settimana

tirare avanti, tirare innanzi (sopravvivere economicamente)

to scrape by

I. scrape [Brit skreɪp, Am skreɪp] N

1. scrape (awkward situation) inf:

to get into a scrape

mettersi nei guai or nei pasticci

to get sb into a scrape

fare finire qn nei pasticci

he's always getting into scrapes

si ficca sempre nei pasticci

2. scrape (in order to clean):

to give sth a scrape

raschiare qc

3. scrape (sound):

scrape (of cutlery, shovels)

rumore m stridulo

scrape (of boots)

raschio m

4. scrape (small amount):

a scrape of butter, jam

un po' di

II. scrape [Brit skreɪp, Am skreɪp] VB trans

1. scrape (clean):

scrape vegetables

pelare

scrape shoes

strofinare, sfregare

to scrape sth clean

pulire qc raschiando

2. scrape (damage):

scrape paintwork, car part, furniture

graffiare, scalfire

3. scrape (injure):

scrape elbow, knee etc.

scorticare, sbucciare

to scrape one's knee

sbucciarsi un ginocchio

4. scrape (making noise):

scrape chair, feet

strisciare

5. scrape (get with difficulty) inf:

to scrape a living

sbarcare il lunario or tirare avanti (doing facendo)

she scraped a c in biology

è riuscita a strappare una sufficienza in biologia

III. scrape [Brit skreɪp, Am skreɪp] VB intr

1. scrape:

to scrape against sth car part, branch:

strisciare contro qc

2. scrape (economize):

scrape

fare economia

IV. scrape [Brit skreɪp, Am skreɪp]

to scrape the bottom of the barrel

raschiare il fondo del barile

scrape home

vincere per un pelo

I. by [Brit bʌɪ, Am baɪ] PREP

1. by (showing agent, result):

by

da

he was bitten by a snake

è stato morso da un serpente

the house was designed by an architect

la casa è stata disegnata da un architetto

a building destroyed by fire

un edificio distrutto dal fuoco

we were overwhelmed by the news

fummo sconvolti dalla notizia

any money paid by you will be reimbursed

vi sarà rimborsata l'intera somma da voi pagata

2. by (through the means of):

by

in, per, con

to travel by bus, train

viaggiare in autobus, in treno

by bicycle

in bicicletta

to pay by cheque

pagare con assegno

you can reach me by phone

può contattarmi per or tramite telefono

by working extra hours, he was able to earn more money

facendo dello straordinario, riuscì a guadagnare di più

by selling some valuables, she was able to raise some money

vendendo degli oggetti di valore, è riuscita a procurarsi un po' di denaro

to begin by saying that …

cominciare dicendo or col dire che …

by candlelight dine, read

a lume di candela

I know her by sight

la conosco di vista

I took him by the hand

l'ho preso per mano

he grabbed me by the hair

mi afferrò per i capelli

she was holding it by the handle

la teneva per il manico

he has two children by his first wife

ha due figli dalla prima moglie

3. by (according to, from evidence of):

by

secondo

by

a

by my watch it is three o'clock

al mio orologio sono le tre

I could tell by the look on her face that she was angry

si vedeva che era arrabbiata dall'espressione del suo volto

what did you understand by her remarks?

che cosa hai capito delle sue osservazioni?

I knew him by his walk

l'ho riconosciuto dalla sua andatura

it's all right by me

per me va bene

4. by (via, passing through):

by

attraverso, per, tramite, da

we entered by the back door

siamo entrati dalla porta di servizio

we'll get there quicker if we go by Birmingham

ci arriveremo più velocemente se passeremo da Birmingham

we travelled to Rome by Venice and Florence

siamo andati a Roma via Venezia e Firenze

5. by (near, beside):

by

presso, vicino a, accanto a

by the bed, the window

accanto al letto, alla finestra

by the sea

in riva al mare

come and sit by me

vieni a sederti accanto a me

6. by (past):

to go or passò by sb

passare davanti or accanto a qn

she walked by me

pass davanti a me

they passed us by in their car

ci sono passati davanti in macchina

please let us get by

per favore, lasciateci passare

7. by (showing authorship):

by

di

a film by Stanley Kubrik

un film di Stanley Kubrik

a novel by Virginia Woolf

un romanzo di Virginia Woolf

who is it by?

di chi è?

8. by (before, not later than):

by

per

by

entro

it must be done by four o'clock, next Thursday

deve essere fatto entro or per le quattro, entro or per giovedì prossimo

by this time next week

la prossima settimana a quest'ora or di qui a una settimana

by the time she had got downstairs he was gone

quando scese era già uscito

he ought to be here by now

ormai or a quest'ora dovrebbe essere qui

by now it was clear that they were going to win

era ormai chiaro che avrebbero vinto

but by then it was too late

ma ormai era troppo tardi

9. by (during):

by day as well as by night

sia di giorno che di notte

by daylight

di giorno or alla luce del giorno

by moonlight

al chiaro di luna

10. by (according to):

forbidden by law

proibito per legge

to play by the rules

giocare secondo le regole

it seems primitive by western standards

sembra primitivo per gli standard occidentali

11. by (to the extent or degree of):

by

di

prices have risen by 20%

i prezzi sono aumentati del 20%

he's taller than me by two centimetres

è due centimetri più alto di me or è più alto di me di due centimetri

by far

è di gran lunga

she is by far the cleverest, the youngest

di gran lunga la più intelligente, la più giovane

it's better by far

è di gran lunga migliore

12. by (in measurements):

by

per

a room 20 metres by 10 metres

una stanza di 20 metri per 10

13. by MATH (in multiplication, division):

by

per

10 multiplied by 5 is 50

10 moltiplicato per 5 fa 50

14. by (showing rate, quantity):

by

a

to be paid by the hour

essere pagato a ore

by the dozen

a dozzine

15. by (in successive degrees, units):

little by little

poco a poco

day by day

giorno per or dopo giorno or di giorno in giorno

one by one

uno a uno or uno alla volta

16. by (with regard to):

by

di

he is an architect by profession or trade

di professione fa l'architetto

by birth

di nascita

17. by (as a result of):

by

per

by mistake

per errore

by chance

per caso, casualmente

18. by (used with reflexive pronouns):

he did it all by himself

l'ha fatto tutto da solo

she was sitting by herself

era seduta in disparte

19. by (in promises, oaths):

by God, I could kill him!

per Dio, potrei ucciderlo!

I swear by heaven

in nome del cielo

20. by NAUT (in compass directions):

south by south-west

sud-sud-ovest

II. by [Brit bʌɪ, Am baɪ] ADV

1. by (past):

to go by

passare

the people walking by

la gente che passa or i passanti

he walked on by without stopping

passò senza fermarsi

a lot of time has gone by since then

molto tempo è passato da allora

as time goes by

col (passare del) tempo

2. by (near):

by

vicino

by

accanto

he lives close by

abita vicino

3. by (aside, in reserve):

to put money by

mettere da parte i soldi

4. by (to one's house):

come by for a drink

passa a bere qualcosa

she called by during the week

è passata in settimana

III. by [Brit bʌɪ, Am baɪ] ADJ attrib. rare

by

secondario

by

indiretto

by effect

effetto secondario

IV. by [Brit bʌɪ, Am baɪ]

by and by (in past)

di lì a poco

by and by (in future)

presto or fra breve or tra poco

by the by or by the bye

incidentalmente or a proposito

but that's by the by

ma questo c'entra poco

by and large

nell'insieme, nel complesso

scrape by VB intr

scrape by

arrabattarsi

I. scrape [skreɪp] VB trans

1. scrape (remove layer, dirt):

scrape

raschiare

2. scrape:

scrape (graze)

sbucciare

scrape (scratch)

graffiare

3. scrape (rub against):

scrape

strisciare contro

II. scrape [skreɪp] VB intr

1. scrape (rub against):

scrape

strisciare

2. scrape (make unpleasant noise):

scrape

strisciare

3. scrape (economize):

scrape

risparmiare

III. scrape [skreɪp] N

1. scrape (act of scraping):

scrape

raschiata f

2. scrape (graze on skin):

scrape

sbucciatura f

3. scrape (sound):

scrape

strisciamento m

4. scrape inf (situation):

scrape

guaio m

to get into a scrape

mettersi nei guai

I. by [baɪ] PREP

1. by (near):

by

vicino a

close [or near] by …

vicino a …

to be/stand by …

essere/stare vicino a …

by the sea

sul mare

2. by (at):

by

presso

to remain by sb for two days

restare presso qu per due giorni

3. by (during):

by day/night

durante il giorno/la notte

by moonlight

al chiaro di luna

4. by (at the latest time):

by

entro

by tomorrow/midnight

entro domani/la mezzanotte

by now [or then]

ormai

5. by (cause):

by

da

a novel by Joyce

un romanzo di Joyce

to be killed by sth/sb

essere uccisio da qc/qu

surrounded by dogs

circondato da cani

6. by (through means of):

by train/plane/bus

in treno/aereo/autobus

made by hand

fatto a mano

to hold sb by the arm

tenere qu per il braccio

by doing sth

facendo qc

7. by (through):

by chance/mistake

per caso/sbaglio

8. by (under):

to call sb/sth by their/its name

chiamare qu/qc per nome

what does he mean by that?

che cosa vuol dire con ciò?

9. by (alone):

to be by oneself

stare da solo

to do sth by oneself

fare qc da solo

10. by (as promise to):

to swear by God/sth

giurare su Dio/qc

11. by (in measurement, arithmetic):

to buy by the kilo/dozen

comprare a chili/dozzine

to divide by 6

dividere per 6

to increase by 10%

aumentare del 10%

to multiply by 4

moltiplicare per 4

paid by the hour/day

pagato a ore/a giornata

4 feet by 6

4 piedi per 6

one by one

uno a uno

12. by (from the perspective of):

to judge by appearances

giudicare dalle apparenze

all right by me inf

per me, va bene

II. by [baɪ] ADV

1. by (aside):

by

vicino

to put [or lay] sth by

mettere qc da parte

2. by (in a while):

by and by

fra poco

3. by (past):

to go/pass by

passare

Phrases:

by and large

in generale

Present

I	scrape by
you	scrape by
he/she/it	scrapes by
we	scrape by
you	scrape by
they	scrape by

Past

I	scraped by
you	scraped by
he/she/it	scraped by
we	scraped by
you	scraped by
they	scraped by

Present Perfect

I	have	scraped by
you	have	scraped by
he/she/it	has	scraped by
we	have	scraped by
you	have	scraped by
they	have	scraped by

Past Perfect

I	had	scraped by
you	had	scraped by
he/she/it	had	scraped by
we	had	scraped by
you	had	scraped by
they	had	scraped by

Monolingual examples (not verified by PONS Editors)

Skiers routinely complain that snowboarders scrape up the hill and a few ski resorts still ban them altogether.

www.thestar.com

The nest is a simple scrape on the ground mainly on open sand banks that provide unobstructed views of any oncoming predators.

en.wikipedia.org

The unlocked nose wheel collapsed and was forced back into its well, causing the aircraft's nose to slam into, bounce off, and then scrape along the ground.

en.wikipedia.org

The team rarely played well in the qualifiers and were very lucky to scrape through in most games.

www.heraldscotland.com

They have been forced to stay with friends and are trying to scrape together enough money for food.

www.dailymail.co.uk